{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "883f329a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Vorkurs Tag 1\n",
    "\n",
    "Author: Sebastian Krause"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a87ba957",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Übersicht heutiges Programm:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Variablen\n",
    "2. Datentypen\n",
    "3. Arithmetik\n",
    "4. Konsolen Ein-/Ausgaben \n",
    "5. Kommentare"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "513ea5a0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 1. Variablen 📦\n",
    "\n",
    "- Variablen werden verwendet um Informationen zu speichern\n",
    "- In Python dynamische Typenbindung\n",
    "### Benennung\n",
    "    - nur alphanumerische Zeichen verwenden: (A-Z), (a-z), (0-9)\n",
    "    - einziges erlaubtes Sonderzeichen: Unterstrich \"_\"\n",
    "    - erstes Zeichen keine Zahl\n",
    "    - Konvention: Variablennamen klein schreiben\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4faadb0e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "    Beispiele Variableninitialisierung:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "f6e3beda",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "variablenname = \"Information\"\n",
    "zahl = 5\n",
    "text = \"Dies ist ein Text/String\"\n",
    "pi = 3.1415"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "eed741ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "*Merke:* Variablenname links, Wert rechts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e90c1763-dbbc-44b6-bbe9-01a42da179cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9b6811c1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2. Datentypen 🔢\n",
    "\n",
    "Es gibt unterschiedliche Arten von Variablen. In Python muss der Datentyp nicht explizit angegeben werden, da dieser anhand des Wertes, der in die Variable gespeichert wird, automatisch zugewiesen wird"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0ffe5b44",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "|**Datentyp**|**Beispiel**|\n",
    "|:--- | :--- | \n",
    "|integer (Ganzzahl)|5, 0, -45|\n",
    "|float (Kommazahl) |2.5,  3.14,  -2.05|\n",
    "|bool (Wahrheitswert)| True, False|\n",
    "|string (Zeichenkette) | \"Name\", 'Eins', \"Blau\"|\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4d9b90f1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Casten (Typ-Konvertierung) \n",
    "\n",
    "Das Ändern des Datentyps einer Variable nennt man \"Casten\" 🤓"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "40335826",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "zahl = str(zahl)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "d6c06d2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(zahl)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "0e365738",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'5'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "zahl"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "d411ed25",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int(pi)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "256f0ea0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "*Anmerkung:* Bei Konvertierungen von float in int wird immer der Nachkommateil abgeschnitten --> es wird abgerundet"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "bb722d04",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fast_vier = 3.9999\n",
    "fast_vier = int(fast_vier)\n",
    "fast_vier"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "097b2148",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Konstanten "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "746f7e98",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "PI = 3.14159265\n",
    "SPEED_OF_LIGHT = 299792458\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "276d238f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3. Arithmetik 🧮"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cb9d9d53",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "mathematische Operatoren wie:  + , - , * , /\n",
    "\n",
    "können auf numerische Typen (int, float) angewendet werden\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "5cec1e28",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 5\n",
    "b = 7\n",
    "c = a + b\n",
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "63f29bb9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = b / a\n",
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3dced979",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Besondere Operatoren: \\\n",
    "**Ganzzahldivision:**...  // \\\n",
    "**Modulo:**....................% --> Restwert einer Division\n",
    "                      "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ee8c9b2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "90a3f4f6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2df3d436",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Potenz**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "03dd0500",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c7dd97ed",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Zusammenfügen von Strings**\n",
    "   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "00bfa8fe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Auf String Variablen kann der \"+\"-Operator auch angewendet werden. Hierduch werden die beiden Zeichenketten zusammengefügt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "eda0a3fa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'HelloWorld'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " \"Hello\" + \"World\" "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c88e58ed-1c3b-4cb6-9c18-d904c0c5f1c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Der \"\\*\"-Operator ist ebenso möglich"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d68f5092-8457-4a82-b1cb-cd809665985a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8169b704",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4. Konsolen Ein-/Ausgaben 🖨️"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ec4601e9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Um mit dem Anwender eines Programms zu kommunizieren, können Ein- und Ausgaben auf das Konsolenfenster gemacht werden\n",
    "Ausgaben auf die Konsole: print()\n",
    "Eingaben von der Konsole: input()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "e8161b63",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wert von x: 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "print(\"Wert von x:\", x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "439a68d3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In Jupiter Notebook ist diese Funktion überflüssig, da jede Zelle eine eigene Ausgabe hat. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f8b75511",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Optional kann bei einer Eingabe noch eine Nachricht dem Anwender mitgegeben werden. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "3c4d7d44",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdin",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Gebe eine Zahl an: 8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eingabe = input(\"Gebe eine Zahl an:\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "9db4038a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Deine Zahl lautet: 8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Deine Zahl lautet:\", eingabe)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "92495442",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5. Kommentare ✍️"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "40fe1bcd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Kommentare sind kurze Anmerkungen, die den Programmcode erklären. \\\n",
    "Sie beginnen mit '#' und alles was in der Zeile dahinter steht wird vom Python Interpreter nicht interpretiert"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "c6e26f19",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Dies ist ein Kommentar\n",
    "# Kommentare beginnen mit einem '#'\n",
    "\n",
    "i = 5   # Variable i wird mit dem Wert 5 initialisiert"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "81569621",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Kommentare werden vom Programmierer auch häufig dafür verwedet bestimmte Zeilen kurzfristig auszublenden"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "59505661",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# i = 3\n",
    "i"
   ]
  }
 ],
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